A short sketch of Bunyan's life
After
this introduction, I first want to give you a short sketch of Bunyan's life.
Perhaps you know already something about it. Nevertheless, I want to pay some
attention to it, because there is a close relationship with the message of
Bunyan and his life. He learned his theology by his struggles and trials. This
unites him to Luther. According to Luther you can never become a real
theologian when you have no trials and do not know of the assaults of the
Satan. Luther said:
I have discussed my theology
with the devil (meaning the devil accusing him and pointing him to his sins)
and I know it holds good (meaning the righteousness of Christ is a sufficient
answer against all the accusations of the devil.)
Bunyan
was born in 1628 in Elstow, a little village not far from Bedford. His parents
belonged to the Church of England. They did not pay much attention to the
eternal welfare of their son. Nevertheless Bunyan as a young boy had deep
impressions of the coming judgement and of the everlasting punishment. In the
seventeenth century among all people, whether they were Protestant or Roman
Catholic, there was still a strong sense of eternity. What divided Protestants
and Roman Catholics was not the sense of eternity, but the answer on the question:
How a man can be right in the sight of God?
When
Bunyan grew older, the deep impressions disappeared. He became a ringleader in
doing evil. He especially committed the sin of cursing and desecrating the name
of the Lord. The middle of the seventeenth century has been very exciting for
England. There was a civil war between king Charles I and his parliament.
Bunyan served in the parliamentary army. His life was on several occasions
spared in a wonderful way. Only after his conversion he fully realised that.
Not
long after he left the army Bunyan married. Just as he, his wife came out a
very poor and simple family. She was an orphan. Her farther left her among a
few other things two books, namely The
Plain Man's Pathway to Heaven by Arthur Dent and The Practice of Piety by Lewis Bayly. Sometimes she read out of the
books for her husband.
Bunyan's wife urged him to go to church and he started doing
it. He had already stopped with his habit to swear and to curse. Although he
went to church on the Lord's Day at the same time he played sports after the
service was over on the meadow on the village. He was especially fond on
bell-ringing.
But
after severe struggles he abandoned it completely. He started going to church
two times on a Lord’s day. He began to read the Bile. The epistles of Paul were
too difficult for him, but he enjoyed the stories of the four gospels. In his
autobiography Grace Abounding Bunyan
says of this period of his life:
I thought no man in England could please
God better than I.
Bunyan
was trying to please the Lord by the works of the law. He did not realise that
we can never please the Lord in that way. But then there happened something
that brought a complete change in his life and his views. Doing his works as a
tinker in one of the streets of Bedford (I suppose it was a nice day in spring
or in summer) he heard three or four women speaking about the dealing of the
Lord to their souls. He immediately realised that these women possessed something,
he did not have. They had peace with God. He realised that he did not have it,
although outwardly so many things had changed in his life.
The
women belong to the congregation of a certain John Gifford. Gifford had been an
officer in the army of the king. After his conversion he had become a minister
of a so-called Open Communion Baptist Church in Bedford. The baptism on
profession of faith was preferred about the baptism of infants, but people
professing infant baptism were allowed to come to the Lord's Supper.
Bunyan
went to worship in the congregation of Gifford. he told the children of the
Lord about the struggle of his soul to find peace with God. They pointed him to
the promises of God, but he could not see how to apply them to his soul. In Grace Abounding it says:
But the had as good have told me that I
must reach the sun with my finger as have bidden me to receiver and rely upon
the promise; and as soon as I should have done it, all sense and feeling was
against me, and I saw I had a heart that would sin, and that lay under a law
that would condemn.
Bunyan
could not see what was the relation between law and gospel. He could not
understand the unconditional nature of the gospel. Through many struggles and
trials he was brought to the freedom of the children of God. The preaching of
Gifford meant much for him. Bunyan learned the meaning of the words: "But
to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his
faith is counted for righteousness." (Romans 4:5). In his book The Doctrine of Law and Gospel Unfolded he
has written:
This is a legal and old covenant spirit
that secretly persuades the soul that if ever it will be saved by Christ, it
must be fitted for Christ by its getting a good heart and good intentions to
do this and that for Christ.... Friend if thou canst fit thyself what need hast
thou of Christ? If thou canst get qualifications to carry to Christ that thou
mightst be accepted, thou dost not look to be accepted in the Beloved.
Around
1653 Buyan had joined the congregation of Gifford. According to an old
tradition he was baptized in the river Ouse in that year. In 1655 he became a
deacon. As was usual in Baptists circles he spoke as a deacon an edifying word.
In 1660 the monarchy was restored in England. The ecclesiastical end
political situation changed. Bunyan was one of the first who felt it. Because
of lay-preaching he was arrested. He was in prison for twelve years. There he
wrote several books. At the end of this period he started writing The Pilgrim's Progress.
In 1672 Bunyan was released form prison. In
that year Charles II proclaimed his Declaration of Indulgence that gave more
freedom for dissenters who would not worship in the Church of England. In 1676
Bunyan was arrested again. Now he was in prison for only half a year. During
his second imprisonment he finished The
Pilgrim's Progress. He asked the great theologian John Owen who was one of
his close friends, advice before publishing it. The advice of Owen was
positive. The Pilgrim's Progress immediately
proved to be a great success.
During
Bunyan's lifetime, more than 100.000 copies were sold in Britain. It was
translated into Dutch in 1682. Nowadays, it has been translated into more than
200 languages. I just want to make a remark on the friendship between Owen and
Bunyan. After 1672 Bunyan quite often preached in London. More than one Owen
came to the services in which Bunyan preached. He invited him to his own
church. Owen was one of the greatest English theologians of his day. He was
highly educated. Once Charles II asked how it was possible that he went out to
hear the preaching of such an uneducated tinker. The answer of Owen was:
Could it please your majesty, if I would
posses that tinker’s ability for preaching, I would gladly relinquish all my
learning.
Bunyan
died on the 31-th of august in the year 1688 just a few months before the
so-called Glorious Revolution in which William III of Orange played such an
important role. Nearly at the end of The
Pilgrim's Progress Bunyan writes about the glory of heaven and then he says:
There were also of them that had wings and
they answered one another without
intermission saying: Holy, holy, holy, is
the Lord. And after that they shut up the gates;
which when I had seen it, I
wished myself among them.
When
Bunyan died this desire came into fulfilment into his own life.